Precision, speed, and efficiency are the defining characteristics of success in a very competitive environment. 5 axis machining accompanies the latest innovation, offering capabilities that outperform basic CNC machining. If you're a product designer, engineer, or operations manager, understanding this technology can change your manufacturing process.
In this guide, we will cover:
- What is 5 axis machining?
- How does it measure up against 3 and 6 axis CNC?
- The structure of a 5 axis CNC coordinate system
- Actual applications and benefits for industries
- How do you assess the right CNC for your company?
1. What Is 5 Axis Machining?
5 axis machining, refers to the ability of a CNC machine to move parts or cutting tools simultaneously along five axes. Conventional machines move along three axes (X, Y, Z). 5 axis CNC machining moves along two rotational axes (A and B or C) together with the typical three axes to allow complex and accurate part work.
Think about a sculpting effort and producing details of a figurine or object. Instead of moving the sculpture and continuously repositioning to get the right angle for carving, 5 axis machining allows you to rotate and tilt for properly adjust to the cutting or sculpting, regardless of the angle. You can use this level of detail in metal, plastic, and composites.
Why It's Important:
- Workholding set up is. easier with multiple angles for machining.
- Accuracy is improved. You avoid errors for clamping and alignment adjustments.
- Time is saved. You can machine faster with simultaneous movement on axes.
- Finish is improved. Uniform tool path is less zig zag since the movement is more geared toward a singular movement. A Comparison of 3 - Axis vs. 5 - Axis Machining
3 Axis Machining is still popular because of its ease of use in simple operations that get the job done but has some limitations when it comes to the complexity of parts.
| Feature | 3 Axis Machining | 5 Axis Machining |
| Axes of Movement | X, Y, Z | X, Y, Z, A (tilting), B or C (rotating) |
| Complexity of Parts | Low to Moderate High | Complex geometries, undercuts) |
| Setup Time | Long Reduced | Multi-face machining |
| Machining Time | Slower | Faster (less setups) |
| Surface Finish | Acceptable | Excellent (uniform tool path) |
2. What is a 5 Axis CNC Machine?
A 5 axis CNC machine is an advanced machine tool that can manufacture complicated components using computer control. 5 axis motion is achieved by moving the three linear axes (X, Y, Z) and each rotary axis (A, B or C). The rotary motion is delivered to either the tool or the workpiece depending on the machine type; head/head, table/table, or head/table.
Common Applications:
Aerospace components
Medical implants/surgical tools
Engine blocks for automotive
Oil & gas components
Custom tooling for molds and dies
3. 5 Axis vs 6 Axis CNC - What is the Difference?
A 6 axis CNC machine is similar to a 5 axis machine but provides a sixth axis of rotation to add flexibility and control of the component orientation when cutting.Nonetheless, five-axis machines already account for the most part of complex geometrical shapes, this render 6 axis CNC a more specialised usage.
5 Axis CNC 6 Axis CNC
3 linear + 2 rotary 3 linear + 3 rotary
General precision machining Ultra-complex/higher speeds operations
Cost-effective Higher investment
Pro Tip: Unless your product requires continuous reorientation while machining, in terms of both practicality and price 5 axis CNC is usually the best choice.
Explaining the 5 Axis CNC Coordinate System, the 5 Axis coordinate system is composed of:
X, Y, and Z: Movement in three-dimensional space
A-axis: Rotation around the X-axis
B or C-axis: Rotation around the Y-axis or Z-axis respectively
This system allows the tool to approach a part from virtually any position. This is very useful for freeform surfaces and/or multi-faceted parts.
Difference Between 3, 4 and 5 Axis CNC Machines
Feature 3 Axis 4 Axis 5 Axis
Movement XYZ XYZ + A or B XYZ + A + B or C
Suitable for Basic shapes Cylindrical parts Complex geometries
Setups Required Multiple Fewer Minimal
Part Reach Limited Better Complete access
Tool Life Standard Improved Longest (due to angles)
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Q1: What materials can I use in 5 axis CNC?
A: The most commonly machined materials that utilize 5 axis CNC Include aluminum, titanium, stainless steel, plastics, and composites.
Q2: Is 5 axis machining only valuable for large companies?
A: Not at all. Even for small companies, the reduction of labor, time, and tooling is evident.
Q3: What types of industry do we primarily see gain the most from 5 axis machining?
A: The aerospace, medical, automotive, and energy industries primarily rely on the efficiency of 5 axis precision.
Q4: How accurate is 5 axis machining?
A: With appropriate setup and equipment tolerances can be as tight as ±0.002mm.
Q5: Can Falcon CNC assist is developing prototypes?
A: Yes, we provide rapid prototyping and short run production for various industries using 5 axis CNC.
